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给出了EAST极向场磁体电源失超保护系统的设计方案,描述了两种失超保护开关——直流快速开关和爆炸开关采用的两级换流结构的设计和工作原理,分析了这种结构在换流过程中的规律,该结构有效地解决了开关开断直流大电流的难点。通过模拟实验证明了该失超保护系统满足设计要求。     

菱属植物传粉生物学的初步研究

通过对菱属4个种类的载培观察，研究菱属的传粉生物学.结果表明:(1)不同种类的及同一种类但产地不同的菱属植物，其开花时间存在差异，2)气候条件对菱属的开花时间有较大影响，(3)菱属的传粉模式是以自花‘没粉为主，异花授粉起辅助作用，同时也可能存在着一定程度的无融合生殖.     

高新装备列装初期军方独立保障能力评估方法研究

针对军民融合模式下高新装备列装初期维修任务划分不科学、军地双方责任不明确等问题,提出了装备列装初期对军方独立保障能力进行评估的思想.在构建了高新装备列装初期基层级独立保障能力评估指标体系的基础上,为解决该时期基础数据不充足、评估人为因素过大等问题,建立了基于灰色-模糊的军方独立保障能力评估模型.以某式自行加榴炮列装初期军方独立保障能力评估为例对模型进行了验证.以期实现军民融合维修保障决策由定性分析向定量决策的转交.     

我国资本市场产出效率与生产函数的实证分析

本文运用数据包络分析对我国资本市场的产出效率进行了考察，运用两阶段的DEA-回归方法建立符合经济学定义的我国资本市场生产函数。在此基础上，对我国资本市场的产出效率作了实证分析。     

Profiling stage-dependent changes of protein expression in Caenorhabditis elegans by mass spectrometric proteome analysis leads to the identification of stage-specific marker proteins

Proteome maps obtained by synchronization of the wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans development reflected stage-dependent molecular differences and revealed dynamic cytoskeletal processes during ontogenesis. Distinct protein spots that may function as molecular markers for the corresponding developmental stages were mass spectrometrically identified. The amount of the Cu(2+)- Zn(2+) superoxide dismutase (CE23550) and an aspartyl proteinase (CE21681) was highest in the first larval stage (L1) and decreased during the ontogenesis from the first larval stage to the adult. Tropomyosin III (CE29059) was prominently present in the first and second larval stage (L1/L2). Abundances of actin 1 or 4 (CE12358 or CE13148) and tropomyosin I (CE28782) were particularly high in multiple spots in the third larval stage (L3). Interestingly, the amount of DIM-1 protein (CE27706), reflected by two spots, was the lowest in this stage. A particular splicing factor (CE31089) was detected only in the fourth larval stage (L4), whereas a spot with high abundance representing the cuticle collagen (CE02272) was only found highly expressed in adult animals (A). In addition, a Ca(2+)-binding protein (CE12368) and one protein spot which has not yet been identified, both reached their maximal spot intensities in the adult stage (A). Moreover, the ASP-1, CCT-5, GPD-1, GPD-2, HSP-6, HSP-16.2, IFB-2, LEC-2, LIN-53, LMN-1, MDH-1, NUD-1, RPA-0, RSP-12, SOD-1, TBB-1, TBB-2, TMY-1, UNC-60, and VIT-2 proteins for which mutants are available and two still unidentified protein spots which were present in all developmental stages, have been reproducibly localized in proteome maps of distinct ontogenesis states.     

Essential Oil of Cannabis sativa L: Comparison of Yield and Chemical Composition of 11 Hemp Genotypes

Cannabis sativa L. is an annual species cultivated since antiquity for different purposes. While, in the past, hemp inflorescences were considered crop residues, at present, they are regarded as valuable raw materials with different applications, among which extraction of the essential oil (EO) has gained increasing interest in many fields. The aim of the present study is the evaluation of the yield and the chemical composition of the EO obtained by hydrodistillation from eleven hemp genotypes, cultivated in the same location for two consecutive growing seasons. The composition of the EOs was analyzed by GC–MS, and then subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. Sesquiterpenes represented the main class of compounds in all the EOs, both in their hydrocarbon and oxygenated forms, with relative abundances ranging from 47.1 to 78.5%; the only exception was the Felina 32 sample collected in 2019, in which cannabinoids predominated. Cannabinoids were the second most abundant class of compounds, of which cannabidiol was the main one, with relative abundances between 11.8 and 51.5%. The statistical distribution of the samples, performed on the complete chemical composition of the EOs, evidenced a partition based on the year of cultivation, rather than on the genotype, with the exception of Uso-31. Regarding the extraction yield, a significant variation was evidenced among both the genotypes and the years of cultivation.     

中等稀疏条件下基因交互作用的两步Bayes方法

植物遗传与基因组学研究表明许多重要的农艺性状有影响的基因位点不是稀疏的,受到大量微效基因的影响,并且还存在基因交互项的影响.本文基于重要油料作物油菜的花期数据,研究中等稀疏条件下的基因选择问题,提出了一种两步Bayes模型选择方法.考虑基因间的交互作用,模型的维数急剧增长,加上数据结构特别,通常的变量选择方法效果不好.本文提出两步变量选择的方法:首先利用Kolmogorov特征扫描方法筛除那些明显不重要的变量,达到降维的目的;其次,在选出的位点中考虑交互作用.为了克服Bayes方法计算速度慢的问题,本文在模型中引入指示变量,通过估计指示变量的后验分布选择模型.模拟结果表明本文提出的方法在预测精度和计算稳定性上有良好的表现,与不加指示变量的Bayes方法相比,在预测精度上有很大的提高.最后,利用本文提出的方法分析一个油菜花期数据,发现了一些交互效应的基因位点.     

Metabolomics Analysis of Litchi Leaves during Floral Induction Reveals Metabolic Improvement by Stem Girdling

Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures often results in a relatively low flowering rate in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) trees with younger leaves. This study aimed to verify the impact of stem girdling on litchi flowering by identifying and characterizing the induced metabolic changes. After a 60 day exposure to cold treatment at 15 °C/10 °C (12 h/12 h), the flowering rate of the girdled trees was 100%, while that of the non-girdled trees was 20%, indicating that girdling improved litchi flowering at its turning stage. The metabolic profiles of litchi leaves with and without stem girdling during floral induction were compared and 505 metabolites potentially associated with litchi flowering were detected. Most metabolites were involved in the metabolism of starch and sucrose, fatty acid, and phenylpyruvic acid. The metabolic pathways concerned with the biosynthesis of epinephrine, sucrose, and d-maltose were induced in leaves after girdling treatment. The level of galactitol, phenylpyruvic acid, acetyl-CoA, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and 13-HPOT biosynthesis remained stable in the leaves from girdled trees but changed drastically in the leaves from non-girdled trees. In addition, 379 metabolites concerning flowering rate were characterized. Metabolism pathways of starch and sucrose, galactose, and linoleic acid are of great significance to the flowering of litchi. Linoleic acid exhibited the most significant variations between girdled trees and non-girdled trees with fold changes of up to 13.62. These results contribute to understanding the biological mechanism of litchi floral induction and the metabolic changes after stem girdling.     

大豆各器官锌含量对比分析

采用盆载试验和室内分析相结合的方法，用原子吸收分光光度法测定大豆植株不同生育时期各器官锌的含量。结果表明，同一器官锌的含量由分枝期到鼓粒期逐渐增加。同一时期不同器官锌成功产大，其中以叶片中锌含量最高。     

Characteristics of the Raman spectra of archaeological Malachites

Archaeological malachites, represented by the malachites found on the ancient Chinese and Vietnamese copper/bronze coins, may also incorporate those on other archaeological objects. The Raman spectra with Ar laser of these malachites differ slightly from those of the natural malachites found in mines. In this study, 120 measurements of the malachites on 40 coins identified 26 bands, while only around 18 of them are frequently observed. The wavenumbers (cm⁻¹), shifts (±)and relative intensities (in parentheses) of the 18 common bands read, respectively: 153±4 (0‐vs), 179±7 (m‐vs), 217±8 (m‐vs), 274±7 (0‐vs), 355±5 (0‐m), 431±4 (0‐vs), 514±3 (0‐m), 533±5 (0‐s), 566±3 (0‐m), 599±2 (0‐m), 718±6 (0‐m), 754±2 (0‐m), 1061±7 (0‐m), 1093±10 (0‐m), 1365±9 (0‐m), 1491±7 (0‐vs), 3321±11 (0‐vs) and 3380±7 (0‐vs). In comparison with those of the 105 measurements on the natural malachites in five mines, the Raman spectra of the archaeological malachites tend to show less bands, higher backgrounds and greater shifts in the wavenumber position. The weakening or loss of bands is in the order of the OH stretch (3300 cm⁻¹) (most severe), CO₃ (600–1500 cm⁻¹) and CuO (<600 cm⁻¹) (less severe) groups, indicating successive stages of corrosion. The malachites on the coins from three climate zones show their own characteristics. Several coins may have experienced two or more climatic or geologic episodes and show complex Raman spectra different from those of the natural malachites. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.